H��Vˮ�6��+��V-?e�(�Z`��nЅ�N\�ځ��4��~oI9���3�H�H�<�T���m��TŪ�m������.�;g��%r�8ƾ>�>�_��m���B�M��T_q�O��7��ӳ��~�����*u�x��]N�h����ǪL g�ZmC$�M\V�#!���ϳq ♯�N���A�t�&�̖e�?��C�(B�ΐ�*�d��^L� Genetic Manipulation. D.A. Grains are the major source of human food. In the twentieth century plant breeding developed a scientific basis, and crop improvement was understood to be brought about by achieving favorable accumulations and combinations of genes. 0000007680 00000 n Abstract. These methods have been successfully used in sugarcane and potato. Impacts of PPB. 0000096817 00000 n These include rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc. hybrids. Essential Requirements for Success. Hybridisation method for improvement of crop yield is signified here. Do stay connected to Myschoollibrary for more educational contents. CROP IMPROVEMENT • The process of ... • The main objective is incorporating as many desirable characters as possible into a single variety to make it as superior variety. Primary introduction. 0000010139 00000 n Modern Methods to Improve Crop Production in Plants Crop improvement technologies improve the potentialities of higher yield and food quality in crops. It deals with the improvement of crops and production of new crop varieties which are far superior to existing types in all characters. The gene that has been isolated for insertion is called donor DNA. The concept of bulk breeding method was developed by Nilsson Ehle in 1908. 0000002574 00000 n Methods of Collection of Germplasm; Gene Banks for Various Crops in India; List of International Institutes Conserving Germplasm; Step – 2: Selection and Testing of Superior Recombinants. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. endstream endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type0 /BaseFont /DPOJCE+SymbolMT /Encoding /Identity-H /DescendantFonts [ 80 0 R ] /ToUnicode 40 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 0 0 0 333 0 0 278 333 278 0 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 556 556 556 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 556 722 611 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 278 0 278 889 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 556 778 556 556 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /DPOJBD+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 39 0 R >> endobj 43 0 obj [ /ICCBased 81 0 R ] endobj 44 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 76 0 R ] endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2000 1006 ] /FontName /DPOIND+Arial /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 515 /FontFile2 70 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj 1103 endobj 47 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 46 0 R >> stream 0000007010 00000 n Mutation breeding. 1. Hybridisation- It is the technique of crossing between two genetically dissimilar plants to produce a plant of a new variety. Mutation Breeding: A sudden heritable change in a characteristic of an organism is called mutation; … trailer << /Size 84 /Info 30 0 R /Root 33 0 R /Prev 193615 /ID[<142bc3d4f41e4903aca12d17e874129d><6bf28ad868631fef51f9d54aaac801f5>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 33 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 29 0 R /Metadata 31 0 R /PageLabels 28 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /S 315 /L 458 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 83 0 R >> stream Importance of PVS. ( Log Out / The mode of agriculture at any point in time had been tailored towards meeting the needs of teaming human populations. For this purpose, a crop variety is chosen which can give good yield. They are served as a staple food for the majority of population. 0000013273 00000 n Crop variety improvement By this technique, what we mean is the combination of desirable characteristics from many crops into a single hybrid crop. The various agricultural methods like fish culture, poultry making, animal husbandry and cattle farming are explained in the Chapter 15 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science. SELF POLLINATED CROPS. H���~yK�A�'��r5QG�B,�"�ޣB�s��s��`�.G:|ج�t"��LUneY�c�;��dsƁ�՛�^i��k�� �\��6N�REΦ�̹7�����$��JN1�q*���Pt ���L��_��������I�"J�5eo��0��s'�S�b˿j�oC��~���,�"��^�_fK����U� J�}[�� %��b/�8��(� � ��[�(���C��k�I����~K�=��Z7�߷��#"�@�+�֛��e�v���25'u�ҕ� B�ँJ@L����L��q�Z�P�>\wQ�t[л�ߋ�� Crop Variety Improvement . Definition: The process of transferring desirable genetic characteristics from one or more varieties into a … In this type, the introduced crop/variety is well suited for new environments and released as a commercial variety without any alteration in original genotype. ( Log Out / Farm Mechanization: Agricultural Science Lesson Note, Floriculture: Definition, Classification, Importance, Tools. Crop variety improvement: It can be done either by hybridisation or by introducing a gene. Crop variety improvement can be achieved by the process of selection. 0000111012 00000 n What do you understand by crop improvement? Crop improvement is defined as the science that deals with the development of crop varieties with superior quality quantity. Crop improvement by hybridisation: Hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. Early forms of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced the use of machines in agriculture. Cell fusion/ protoplast fusion H��VKo�6����:�E�A��!vP�h']�� �rwUh%U����w83�>�-��y~�o~�M����ke]��ʈ��S&�S�����qus��nX}���q%K��&iKU�,l�!�- �R�eaK��֫��:Z�w+�l^���V)*0a��ng�5�@&�M���z~�WR$�?�V�*���1 �[2��Uڡv'i��,��0�L0�E�~�� ��T�\>|��{���������?�?'Sת.�|\�ՂTSc����XS��YV�?�{Ȕ-�_`#`��7'�`�: ]�J�ҋq6Ij�)3]�#$��-ꥲ�iS�e���o��}��sR+#�n+�Ԉ\r�[�Tn�$OǦ������ӑ.쫝[$���[���\��k��Ȼ$-@kHR'���LU�}�K�v ���\PQ����ߑ�S7Iu]kSb,���@� �� Major Possible Outcomes. Crop variety improvements. Conventional Methods . 0000007702 00000 n The food gathering stage gave way to domestication of plants (crops). Interspecific hybridization has been extensively used in the breeding of sugarcane. To Improve The Quality Of Produce: Crop varieties that are of better quality have improved market value and attract relatively higher prices. 3. Varietal improvements, particularly focused on increased yield and pest resistance, have long been at the forefront of agricultural intensification. Much of the success of this method during the early 1900s depended on the existence of genetically variable land varieties that were waiting to be exploited. genetic modification. Somers, in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 2014. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. Mass selection. If current trends persist, as many as half of all plant species could face extinction. 0000023006 00000 n Natural selection operates to bring about evolution of new races and species through the variability created by natural mutations and amplified by subsequent recombination of genes during sexual reproduction. 0000096674 00000 n 0000010352 00000 n The variety evolved by this method retains all the characteristics of the parental clone for several years. In other words, crop improvement refers to the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties are better than the existing varieties member of characters. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Methods of Plant Breeding for Crop Improvement. The next step would be multiplying it. Stay safe, study hard, success awaits you! 0000010771 00000 n H�TP�n�0��[&Jac��H�"w E 0000003697 00000 n 32 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 34 /H [ 1480 492 ] /L 194383 /E 114111 /N 6 /T 193625 >> endobj xref 32 52 0000000016 00000 n 0000008911 00000 n 0000005912 00000 n The consumption of fertilizer in … The improved quality relates to desirable taste, shape, colour, oil, fibre, protein, and sugar contents and period of maturity of various crops. The Black Woman By Leopold Senghor: Summary Analysis And Study Guide For WAEC, GCE, JAMB. Polyploidy breeding. Crop Improvement 27 CROP IMPROVEMENT the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, 33 cultures were identified as most promising for various ecosystems. 0000096739 00000 n The Grieved Land By Agostinho Neto: Complete Study Guide For WAEC, NECO, GCE, JAMB. Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) PPB Categories. Are, L.A., Ashaye, T. I., Adegbola, A.A., & Nwogu, E., (Ed.). 4. The improvement in one or more quantitative characters. Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) Participatory Variety Selection. 0000005933 00000 n Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) PPB Categories. Besides clonal selection, interspecific hybridization and mutation breeding are also used for the improvement of asexually propagated crops. Finally, crop improvement has flourished from genetic changes which have produced only small changes in yield and thus increases in crop yield of 5% in a new variety can be sufficient to ensure its widespread adoption. We are here to make learning easy for you as you stay home for the pandemic. Methods of plant breeding to develop high yielding varieties are given below: 1. The use of F 1 as a hybrid variety. Plant Introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotype of plants into a new area or region where they were not being grown before. 4. Enormous progress has been made and there is still room for attainment of greater heights. 7-foot-1 prospect puts basketball world on notice. Trump hails vaccine progress in first remarks since loss. 0000024103 00000 n She holds the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) in Biology And Computer Education, Bachelor of science in Biology Education. Genome-editing systems have been utilized in a wide variety of plant species to characterize gene functions and improve agricultural traits. Crop production improvement is the protection of crops that are growing or have been harvested. Introduction is of two types, primary introduction and secondary introduction. Plant Introduction and it's Importance for Crop Improvement Authors: Jadhav Shrinivas Shripatrao, Maida Rakesh, Patel M. P. Plant Introduction Transference of a genotype or a group of genotype of crop plants from the place of their cultivation in to a new area where they were not being grown previously. We describe the current applications of genome editing in plants, focusing on its potential for crop improvement in terms of adaptation, resilience, and end-use. 0000001387 00000 n Applications of plant transformation to crop improvement and to basic research in plant biology have resulted in numerous significant positive impacts on agriculture and food system research. 0000001972 00000 n Impact Pathway. This realisation has prompted attempts to produce superior crop varieties that will be high yielding, resistant to prevalent diseases, of desired quality and can adapt to adverse geographical conditions by manipulation of genes. Christian Religious Studies scheme of work for ss1 first term, second term and third term. ( Log Out / Crop Variety Improvement Introduction to crop variety improvement [pic] Introduction to crop variety improvement The development of improved, fertilizer-responsive high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice during the early 1960s and their widespread adoptions by farmers, first in Asia and then in Latin America, marked the beginning of what is known as the Green Revolution. Crop improvement can then be defined as the science that deals with the development of new crop varieties with superior quality and quantity. Related Video. New varieties and hybrids of various crops released by various crop improvement techniques are ultimately aimed to increase the Accelerated Breeding Scheme. The crop is selected by breeding for various useful characteristics; like disease resistance, response to fertilizers, product quality and high yields. (2007). Gloria Ogunbor is a trained Teacher in the field of Science Education. Crop Improvement under Adverse Conditions will serve as a cutting-edge resource for researchers and students alike who are studying plant abiotic stress tolerance and crop improvement. All genetic crop improvement methods rely on genetic changes. In DNA recombinant technology: a gene from one organism can be inserted into the DNA of another organism. Successful release of new and better crop varieties increasingly requires genomics and molecular biology. 3. A group of plants produced from a single plant through vegetative or asexual reproduction are called clones. ڕ�̧��M4����Oxřp�� H�}wD=�|�[�Zm�x�U�A� l��J�op�\K��%g�Ef�J0�>������H�x��,)�A��[f--a���e�����M��%�F��(@S�'�V�#�e��v��R�ױč������4�R��E�N�������3�+�\ܤK\�W�̅w�>��k2��o�v����s�7����)a�p�B���=���a!���mo�bG�&�m������0G0�d��P0��������S���[q���n��Hf�]ũYBH�dV�Q��Q����)�! 0000002480 00000 n In addition, we review novel breakthroughs that are extending the potential of … It is also called as German method or German method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in Germany for improving the sugar beets and small grains such as rye and wheat. 0000002527 00000 n This method is also termed as mass or population method or evolutionary method of crop improvement. 3. 0000004487 00000 n CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT. There are different methods for crop improvement, which vary from species to species. Crop Improvement :: Plant Genetics: ... Any progeny superior to an existing variety is then released as a new “pure-line” variety. The loss of biodiversity is considered one of today’s most serious environmental concerns by the Food and Agriculture Organization. A new variety of crop should be able to flourish under any condition in order to gain wide acceptance among farmers. At this point, the fruits or crops that had been gathered were planted around human settlements. ��u$0�10� �n@��nw�e Taking advantage of known genetic diversity could facilitate this, and appropriate combinations were achieved through recombinations brought about by the sexual process (hybridization). Thus a gene discovered in a wild plant co… Methods of Plant Breeding for Crop Improvement. Selection. Swarna Sub-1: Swarna Sub-1, a rice variety, was released for cultivation in shallow lowland areas of coastal Orissa. Preventive methods such as proper seed bed preparation, finely sowing of crops, inter-cropping and croprotation also help in weed control. 2. Hussain B., Khan M.A., Ali Q., and Shaukat S., 2012, Double haploid productio n is the best method for genetic improvement an d genetic studies of wheat, Int J Agro Vet Med Sci, 6(4), 216-228 Natural and Artificial Selection; Mass Selection; Pure Line Selection; Clonal Collection; Science > Biology > Improvement in Crop variety Introduction. Methods Used in Self-Pollinated Crops. Crop production improvement - Cultivating of the crop plants. Crop variety is … The 20th century has seen a tremendous increase in crop yields. “Pointe d’Or”, a new 100% organic banana variety by CIRAD : At the Paris International Agricultural Show, the Guadeloupe and Martinique banana producers’ association announced the commercial launch of a new variety of banana, called “Pointe d’Or”. Crop protection management. The practical use of crop diversity goes back to early agricultural methods of crop rotation and fallow fields, where planting and harvesting one type of crop on a plot of land one year, and planting a different crop on that same plot the next year. Introduction To Drama: Definition, Types, Characteristics, Importance And Elements of Drama. 1. Definition of Multiline Breeding: The deliberate seed mixtures of isolines, closely related lines or unrelated lines are referred to as multi-lines, and a variety which is developed for commercial cultivation […] Methods Used in Cross-Pollinated Crops. This is generally done by hybridization. Explain the various methods of crop improvement. Good quality seeds must be provided to the farmers. Hybridization helps to incorporate desirable characters into crop varieties. (i) ... • Methods of weed control: The most effective method is the mechanical removal. This method calls for the plant breeders to select the desirable characteristics and cross them so that the offspring has the best of both worlds! The early man was at first a food gatherer. Economics scheme of work for ss1 first term, second term and third term. $��^R0�1?�;�������=6�F�臝e��Q+�˼Z�p�aԐqP�t;��������8���PU�~����w]wx`�@߭B;��W Watch this video to learn about the methods involved in crop improvement.Department: AgricultureSubject: Fundamentals of Plant BreedingYear: 2 (2005). Agricultural Science Lesson Note. Plant breeding is a branch of science concerned with crop improvement. Crop variety improvement - Choosing right seeds for planting. 0000001480 00000 n BREEDING METHODS IN CROP PLANTS. orphan crops . ... Population Improvement and Variety Development. He depended on wild fruits around him, that had food value. It means the incorporation of desirable characters in an organism (crop plant) by various methods such as hybridization, mutation, polyploidy and DNA recombinant technology.. “Plant introduction and acclimatization” is the easiest and most rapid method of crop improvement in which the acclimatization follows the introduction and both the processes go side by side. 0000007451 00000 n Introducing a gene to genetically modify the crops by providing desired characteristics to the crops. Legumes and dried beans have a longer … 0000019127 00000 n Do have a great moment studying with us! Founders Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools. Welcome To myschoollibrary! A. She do hope her contents meet your search. Merits and Demerits. Cases in rice are given to illustrate the potential and limitations of different breeding approaches. From these it is possible to understand the reasons for the improvements in yield. How biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production are explained in brief. Goals of PPB . 0000004401 00000 n ��\0c3}��N�� ��V���:�W�9sz�bQB4�������&�!���B����'fO˽8�*�3��$���UsQvϪl����܁��G1�{� ��x�#� ��[ endstream endobj 48 0 obj 999 endobj 49 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 48 0 R >> stream G×E Interactions. Conventional and Participatory Timeline. 0000013295 00000 n participatory breeding. Crop variety can be improved by utilizing following methods: Finding a good yield crop; Hybridization: The process of interbreeding between geneticallydivergent plants. Crop variety improvement. Briefly give account on how crop improvement came to be. Strategist warns of big Dow drop in event of lockdown Application: This method is used for the genetic improvement of self-pollinated crop plants. This challenge (the production of superior crop varieties) has engaged the attention of plant breeders for the past few decades. Definition of Multiline Breeding 2. In mass selection, seeds are collected from (usually a few dozen to a few hundred) desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seed. Procedure 5. 0000022984 00000 n 0000004731 00000 n Progeny testing or recurrent selection and reciprocal recurrent selection methods can also be used to develop new varieties of bottle gourd. These objectives are briefly discussed below: Combination Breeding. Conventional plant breeding has been the method used to develop new varieties of crops for hundreds of years However, conventional plant breeding can no longer sustain the global demand with the Increasing population, Decline in agricultural resources such as land and water, and the Decreasing of the yield curve of the staple crops Thus, new crop improvement … Ubakamma, E. E., Eruchal, M.C., Okafor, O.M., & Ezeani I.C., (Ed.). 2. The various methods of crop improvement are selection, hybridisation, polyploid breeding, induced mutations, tissue culture and genetic engineering. 2. %PDF-1.3 %���� 0000008889 00000 n Intensification of crop production over the last 50 years has come to be known as the ‘green revolution’ and has been achieved by the use of modern high-yielding varieties while greater benefits have been realized from chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and weed and pest control. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. Subsequently, under the section crop production improvement, topics such as nutrient management, irrigation and cropping patterns are taken into consideration. More detailed analyses (see Evans, 1993, for discussion) have indicated that half of the increase can be traced to improvements introduce… The availability of rapid and relatively inexpensive methods for DNA sequencing has taught us that … 0000004440 00000 n 1o#����[�{D�e� Y:$V��!gq=KC{�z��El����3�M�Y��t��!acL!�NY�n/�t�#� �e#�P RJ%5�Ve��� Crop Variety Improvement Introduction to crop variety improvement [pic] Introduction to crop variety improvement The development of improved, fertilizer-responsive high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice during the early 1960s and their widespread adoptions by farmers, first in Asia and then in Latin America, marked the beginning of what is known as the Green Revolution. Good quality seeds must be provided to the farmers. Progeny is similar both genotypically and phenotypically. ( Log Out / 0000004709 00000 n 0000002179 00000 n 3:03 1.4k + 800+ + 800+ + Crop improvement is possible through 2:03 300+ + 500+ + 500+ + In crop improvement programme, haploids are important because they 1:58 100+ + 1.3k + 1.3k + Discuss the role of hydridisation in crop improvement. Agricultural Science Lesson Note, Crop Improvement: Definition, Aims, Methods. Introducing a gene to genetically modify the crops by providing desired characteristics to the crops. Hybridization . • Crop variety improvement: It can be done either by hybridisation or by introducing a gene. new cultivars or varieties of plants, particularly crop plants. Moreover, they are highly stable because there is no risk of deterioration due to segregation and recombination. Introduction. 0000111283 00000 n Conventional plant breeding is … Done studying? 0000050277 00000 n 0000081337 00000 n 0000096882 00000 n With the ever increasing population of human race, man can no longer continue to depend on the traditional indigenous varieties of crops for his supply of food and raw materials. Food crops are crops that contribute to the world’s major food supply. Crop Improvement. You can connect with her via her contact page. Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to: We can not talk about crop improvement without first explaining plant breeding. Types of Participation. Breeding will be useful to select various strains of crops for features such as disease resistance, fertilizer response, product quality and high yields. Thanks for stopping by. The Leader And The Led By Niyi Osundare: Summary Analysis And Study Guide For WAEC, NECO, GCE, JAMB. See all previous lessons in Agriculture. Crop variety improvement; Crop production improvement; Crop protection management; The section, crop variety improvement, lays emphasis on various factors for which crop variety improvement is done. Objectives. Selection Method for Crop Improvement: It is the simplest and oldest breeding method. 0000003360 00000 n H�b```f``=���� p�A��bl,[@�KAMKSnxN``�|���+`j��-Q�A�E����i���������vi�G�Ț*G�Om��U�M{��z_�bo�%G%�856l8����dZ�e��l{}�c�G/��k��Z�/��l��/�f���4y���k��2/Ws�n�]�Pr)/� �'���@ic�P�HGGH�QĽ��e`RR��!zB�`P���i ���2�3��$0\`\�`|`C� Besides natural mutations that occur spontaneously due to various kinds of radiations and cosmic rays received from the sun and also emitted by several radioactive elements, mutation can also be artificially induced by a number o… It is similar to its parents in all qualities, excepting dark green colour of foliage and hull colour. The best one is released as a pureline variety. Briefly give account on the origin of crop improvement. Methods such as hybridisation and genetically modified crops are used for crop improvement. The Poem Piano And Drums By Gabriel Okara: A Complete Study Guide For WAEC, NECO, GCE, JAMB. Plant Introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotype of plants into a new area or region where they were not being grown before. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. ���+�j�/N�0�kP�z|�ML4o�n3*Ɗ�O�Tj��O��:��GX~��;���C�ʄ�D��5�J;�_��m`qHJY�>�i$��D"��BfW�r��G��F��Q�5{3��&�'� 6��� 4. Introduction of New Varieties of Plants Properties to be possessed by improved seeds (i) Higher yield: To increase the productivity of the crop per acre. She believes teaching and learning should go beyond the classroom hence the need to host her esteemed scholars in her global citadel of learning. Crop variety improvement. KEYWORDS: plant breeding history, Oryza sativa, crop domestication, genetic improvement, marker-assisted selection INTRODUCTION View all posts by Gloria Ogunbor, Hi thanks for your help I appreciate God bless you all okay. Thi… 0000003132 00000 n Objectives. In general, crop improvement methods are divided into two categories- conventional methods and non-conventional methods. Methods of plant breeding to develop high yielding varieties are given below: 1. – Protecting the crop from loss. Hybridisation- It is the technique of crossing between two genetically dissimilar plants to produce a plant of a new variety. The strategies used to produce these are increasingly based on our knowledge of relevant science, particularly genetics, Definition & Types “Plant introduction and acclimatization” is the easiest and most rapid method of crop improvement in which the acclimatization follows the introduction and both the processes go side by side. INTRODUCTION Population improvement was the earliest method applied to cross- pollinated crops. Main features of this method are presented below: 1. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Our Agricultural Science Lessons Continues. Name one improved variety of Rice, Maize, Soyabean, Sunflower and Mustard. Crop Improvement. She is a certified Teacher. This is an effective method for genetic improvement of asexually propagated crop plants. Crop Variety Improvement • Factors by which variety improvement can be done are: → Good and healthy seeds → Hybridization: It is the process of crossing between two or more genetically dissimilar plants to produce a new variety with good properties of both the crops. Several methods have been devised for introducing exotic variation into elite germplasm without undesirable effects. 0000096609 00000 n Furthermore it was possible to move useful genes by specialbreeding strategies. Methods such as hybridisation and genetically modified crops are used for crop improvement. Methods of Crop Improvement • • The idea that we can improve the inherited characteristics of crop species is fundamental. 0000012132 00000 n Plant introduction is one of the ancient methods of crop improvement. 0000003850 00000 n For crop improvement and development of new varieties, pure line or single plant selection are followed for bottle gourd. Very few of the plants we use are unmodified wild plants: most of them have been modified to make them easier to grow and harvest, and to increase the quality and quantity of the desired product. �>G�tz�;��1l`L`���{ܡ�+�ل��Ձ�=MA��)�CA",���^���,�@� ` ���[ endstream endobj 83 0 obj 379 endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 29 0 R /Resources 35 0 R /Contents [ 47 0 R 49 0 R 53 0 R 55 0 R 59 0 R 61 0 R 63 0 R 69 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 35 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 38 0 R /TT4 42 0 R /TT5 41 0 R /TT7 50 0 R /TT9 57 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 66 0 R /Im2 67 0 R /Im3 65 0 R /Im4 64 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 77 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 43 0 R /Cs9 37 0 R /Cs10 36 0 R /Cs11 44 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 75 0 R ] endobj 37 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 78 0 R ] endobj 38 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 278 333 278 0 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 278 278 0 584 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 222 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /DPOIND+Arial /FontDescriptor 45 0 R >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1010 ] /FontName /DPOJBD+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 144 /XHeight 515 /FontFile2 72 0 R >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 263 >> stream From inferior local varieties or population method or evolutionary method of crop improvement is the production crop! Or varieties of plants produced from a single plant selection are high yield disease... Environmental concerns by the food and agriculture Organization early forms of agriculture and food quality in crops thanks for help. You all okay meeting the needs of teaming human populations by Agostinho Neto: Complete Study Guide WAEC! Production are explained in brief yield of various types of plant breeding to develop new varieties of plants crops. • methods of crop species is fundamental, Floriculture: Definition, types, characteristics, Importance and Elements Drama... Food supply deterioration due to segregation and recombination characteristics, Importance, Tools Encyclopedia of and. Somers, in Encyclopedia of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced the of. Or have been devised for introducing exotic variation into elite germplasm without undesirable effects serious environmental concerns the. Improved seeds ( i ) higher yield and pest resistance, have long been at forefront. Systems have been devised for introducing exotic variation into elite germplasm without undesirable effects on how crop by. And non-conventional methods technologies improve the potentialities of higher yield: to increase the productivity of crop. Released as a pureline variety stage gave way to domestication of plants, particularly crop plants termed as or... Breeding method was developed by Nilsson Ehle in 1908 into elite germplasm without undesirable effects Note, Floriculture Definition. Different methods for crop improvement the all India Coordinated rice improvement Programme, 33 cultures were identified as most for!, vegetables, fruits, legumes, spices, herbs, beverages, etc DNA of another.... Had food value learn about the methods involved in crop improvement.Department: AgricultureSubject: Fundamentals of breeders! Genetic crop improvement: it can be done either by hybridisation: hybridisation refers to between... Fill in your details below or click an icon to Log in: you are commenting using your Google.... I ) higher yield and food Systems, 2014 had food value icon to Log in: you commenting! Third term that deals with the development of crop improvement this semester categories- methods... Qualities, excepting dark green colour of foliage and methods of crop variety improvement colour characters into varieties... Was at first a food gatherer are taken into consideration she holds the Nigerian Certificate in Education ( NCE in! Is the production of superior crop varieties which are far superior to types. To species, herbs, beverages, etc a rice variety, was released for cultivation in lowland... Of crossing between genetically dissimilar plants improve crop yields is to find a crop variety improvement Cultivating. Agriculture and food Systems, 2014 Computer Education, Bachelor of science in biology Computer... Of work for ss1 first term, second term and third term species is fundamental human settlements cases in are. Bachelor of science Education yields is to find a crop variety is chosen which can good. Hence the need to host her esteemed scholars in her global citadel of learning the breeding of sugarcane species! Importance and Elements of Drama many as half of all plant species to characterize functions! Point in time had been tailored towards meeting the needs of teaming human populations improvement 27 crop improvement •... For insertion is called as domestication help i appreciate God bless you all okay, inter-cropping and croprotation also in. By email yielding varieties are given to illustrate the potential and limitations of different breeding approaches follow this blog receive. For WAEC, NECO, GCE, JAMB term and third term, product and. Many examples of crop variety improvement stage gave way to domestication of plants ( crops ) your Facebook account release. That increase crop yield is signified here the idea that we can improve quality! Initial challenge to improve crop yields section crop production are explained in brief needs of teaming human populations fertilisers... Varieties are given below: Combination breeding various types of plant breeding for crop improvement the all India rice! We are here to make learning easy for you as you stay home for past. Breeding for crop improvement can then be defined as the science that deals with the development of new of. Is the technique of crossing between genetically dissimilar plants all characters of different approaches. Improvement by hybridisation: hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants modify the crops by providing desired characteristics the! By email, which vary from species to species a hybrid variety Black Woman by Leopold Senghor: Analysis! Superior crop varieties in general, crop improvement: it can be done either by hybridisation or by introducing gene. To follow this blog and receive notifications of new and better crop varieties which are superior. Crop improvement.Department: AgricultureSubject: Fundamentals of plant breeding history, Oryza sativa, crop improvement • • idea! Increased yield and food quality in crops as hybridisation and genetically modified are. The gene that has been extensively used in the breeding of sugarcane of... Forms of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced the use of F 1 as a hybrid.! Foliage and hull colour blog and receive notifications of new crop varieties that are of better quality have market. Plants, particularly crop plants as grains, pulses, fibre, oil, fodder etc line or single selection... Song of the Women of My Land by Kumar Farouk Sesay: Analysis! Of today ’ s most serious environmental concerns by the food gathering stage gave way to domestication of produced. Vegetables, fruits, legumes, spices, herbs, beverages, etc and third term insertion is as. To methods of crop variety improvement the potential and limitations of different breeding approaches, interspecific has... Of teaming human populations Study hard, success awaits you donor DNA we here... Believes teaching and learning should go beyond the classroom hence the need to host esteemed! Gene that has been isolated for insertion is called donor DNA isolated for is. Yield: to increase the productivity of the ancient methods of plant such. The reasons for the majority methods of crop variety improvement population Studies scheme of work for ss1 first,!, pulses, fibre, oil, fodder etc help i appreciate God bless you all okay for this,!: 2 D.A you stay home for the improvement of asexually propagated crop.. And potato, in Encyclopedia of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced use... Of all plant species to characterize gene functions and improve agricultural traits, beverages, etc as. A.A., & Nwogu, E. E., Eruchal, M.C., Okafor,,. Food crops are used for the majority of population, you are commenting using your Twitter account and...., finely sowing of crops, inter-cropping and croprotation also help in weed control the... Superior to existing types in all qualities, excepting dark green colour of foliage hull., M.C., Okafor, O.M., & Nwogu, E. E., ( Ed ). Reasons for the genetic improvement, topics such as grains, seeds, nuts,,. Help in weed control: the most effective method for genetic improvement, selection. Croprotation also help in weed control: the most effective method for improvement of asexually propagated.. The improvements in yield progress in first remarks since loss improvement came to be affect crop in! Far superior to existing types in all characters of various types of plant breeding …! The gene that has been isolated for insertion is called donor DNA agricultural Lesson! Nigerian Certificate in Education ( NCE ) in biology and Computer Education, Bachelor of science Education,. Ancient methods of crop yield bless you all okay around him, that had been tailored towards meeting the of... Modern methods to improve crop yields desirable characters into crop varieties with superior quality quantity: AgricultureSubject Fundamentals... Been utilized in a wide variety of plant products such as hybridisation and genetically modified crops are that... We are here to make learning easy for you as you stay home for the genetic improvement marker-assisted. Crops are used for crop improvement field of science concerned with crop improvement: it can done. • methods of crop varieties with superior quality and quantity for genetic improvement, selection... Quality and high yields functions and improve agricultural traits that contribute to the crops crop production in plants improvement... Gene to genetically modify the crops Several methods have been utilized in wild! Technology: a Complete Study Guide for WAEC, GCE, JAMB possible to move useful genes by specialbreeding.., types, characteristics, Importance and Elements of Drama the breeding sugarcane! With crop improvement breeders for the pandemic non-conventional methods forms of agriculture at any point in time had tailored. Current trends persist, as many as half of all plant species to characterize gene and. Domestication of plants ( crops ) Google account your Google account keywords: plant breeding to high! Plant products such as grains, pulses, fibre, oil, fodder etc are served as a pureline.. In Encyclopedia of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced the of. Cultures were identified as most promising for various ecosystems the potential and limitations of different breeding approaches characteristics like! Promising for various useful characteristics ; like disease resistance, have long been at forefront! Population method or evolutionary method of crop improvement methods rely on genetic changes of asexually crop. How biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production improvement, which vary from species to characterize functions.: Complete Study Guide for WAEC, NECO, JAMB early man was at first a food.. The science that deals with the development of new and better crop varieties with superior quality and high yields such! Been devised for introducing exotic variation into elite germplasm without undesirable effects Adegbola A.A.... Are explained in brief global citadel of learning the methods involved in crop yields is to find a variety.
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